bevy_ptr/lib.rs
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#![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
#![no_std]
#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
#![expect(unsafe_code, reason = "Raw pointers are inherently unsafe.")]
#![doc(
html_logo_url = "https://bevyengine.org/assets/icon.png",
html_favicon_url = "https://bevyengine.org/assets/icon.png"
)]
use core::{
cell::UnsafeCell,
fmt::{self, Formatter, Pointer},
marker::PhantomData,
mem::ManuallyDrop,
num::NonZeroUsize,
ptr::{self, NonNull},
};
/// Used as a type argument to [`Ptr`], [`PtrMut`] and [`OwningPtr`] to specify that the pointer is aligned.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct Aligned;
/// Used as a type argument to [`Ptr`], [`PtrMut`] and [`OwningPtr`] to specify that the pointer is not aligned.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct Unaligned;
/// Trait that is only implemented for [`Aligned`] and [`Unaligned`] to work around the lack of ability
/// to have const generics of an enum.
pub trait IsAligned: sealed::Sealed {}
impl IsAligned for Aligned {}
impl IsAligned for Unaligned {}
mod sealed {
pub trait Sealed {}
impl Sealed for super::Aligned {}
impl Sealed for super::Unaligned {}
}
/// A newtype around [`NonNull`] that only allows conversion to read-only borrows or pointers.
///
/// This type can be thought of as the `*const T` to [`NonNull<T>`]'s `*mut T`.
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct ConstNonNull<T: ?Sized>(NonNull<T>);
impl<T: ?Sized> ConstNonNull<T> {
/// Creates a new `ConstNonNull` if `ptr` is non-null.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use bevy_ptr::ConstNonNull;
///
/// let x = 0u32;
/// let ptr = ConstNonNull::<u32>::new(&x as *const _).expect("ptr is null!");
///
/// if let Some(ptr) = ConstNonNull::<u32>::new(core::ptr::null()) {
/// unreachable!();
/// }
/// ```
pub fn new(ptr: *const T) -> Option<Self> {
NonNull::new(ptr.cast_mut()).map(Self)
}
/// Creates a new `ConstNonNull`.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// `ptr` must be non-null.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use bevy_ptr::ConstNonNull;
///
/// let x = 0u32;
/// let ptr = unsafe { ConstNonNull::new_unchecked(&x as *const _) };
/// ```
///
/// *Incorrect* usage of this function:
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use bevy_ptr::ConstNonNull;
///
/// // NEVER DO THAT!!! This is undefined behavior. ⚠️
/// let ptr = unsafe { ConstNonNull::<u32>::new_unchecked(core::ptr::null()) };
/// ```
pub const unsafe fn new_unchecked(ptr: *const T) -> Self {
// SAFETY: This function's safety invariants are identical to `NonNull::new_unchecked`
// The caller must satisfy all of them.
unsafe { Self(NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr.cast_mut())) }
}
/// Returns a shared reference to the value.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use bevy_ptr::ConstNonNull;
///
/// let mut x = 0u32;
/// let ptr = ConstNonNull::new(&mut x as *mut _).expect("ptr is null!");
///
/// let ref_x = unsafe { ptr.as_ref() };
/// println!("{ref_x}");
/// ```
///
/// [the module documentation]: core::ptr#safety
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn as_ref<'a>(&self) -> &'a T {
// SAFETY: This function's safety invariants are identical to `NonNull::as_ref`
// The caller must satisfy all of them.
unsafe { self.0.as_ref() }
}
}
impl<T: ?Sized> From<NonNull<T>> for ConstNonNull<T> {
fn from(value: NonNull<T>) -> ConstNonNull<T> {
ConstNonNull(value)
}
}
impl<'a, T: ?Sized> From<&'a T> for ConstNonNull<T> {
fn from(value: &'a T) -> ConstNonNull<T> {
ConstNonNull(NonNull::from(value))
}
}
impl<'a, T: ?Sized> From<&'a mut T> for ConstNonNull<T> {
fn from(value: &'a mut T) -> ConstNonNull<T> {
ConstNonNull(NonNull::from(value))
}
}
/// Type-erased borrow of some unknown type chosen when constructing this type.
///
/// This type tries to act "borrow-like" which means that:
/// - It should be considered immutable: its target must not be changed while this pointer is alive.
/// - It must always points to a valid value of whatever the pointee type is.
/// - The lifetime `'a` accurately represents how long the pointer is valid for.
/// - Must be sufficiently aligned for the unknown pointee type.
///
/// It may be helpful to think of this type as similar to `&'a dyn Any` but without
/// the metadata and able to point to data that does not correspond to a Rust type.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Ptr<'a, A: IsAligned = Aligned>(NonNull<u8>, PhantomData<(&'a u8, A)>);
/// Type-erased mutable borrow of some unknown type chosen when constructing this type.
///
/// This type tries to act "borrow-like" which means that:
/// - Pointer is considered exclusive and mutable. It cannot be cloned as this would lead to
/// aliased mutability.
/// - It must always points to a valid value of whatever the pointee type is.
/// - The lifetime `'a` accurately represents how long the pointer is valid for.
/// - Must be sufficiently aligned for the unknown pointee type.
///
/// It may be helpful to think of this type as similar to `&'a mut dyn Any` but without
/// the metadata and able to point to data that does not correspond to a Rust type.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct PtrMut<'a, A: IsAligned = Aligned>(NonNull<u8>, PhantomData<(&'a mut u8, A)>);
/// Type-erased Box-like pointer to some unknown type chosen when constructing this type.
///
/// Conceptually represents ownership of whatever data is being pointed to and so is
/// responsible for calling its `Drop` impl. This pointer is _not_ responsible for freeing
/// the memory pointed to by this pointer as it may be pointing to an element in a `Vec` or
/// to a local in a function etc.
///
/// This type tries to act "borrow-like" like which means that:
/// - Pointer should be considered exclusive and mutable. It cannot be cloned as this would lead
/// to aliased mutability and potentially use after free bugs.
/// - It must always points to a valid value of whatever the pointee type is.
/// - The lifetime `'a` accurately represents how long the pointer is valid for.
/// - Must be sufficiently aligned for the unknown pointee type.
///
/// It may be helpful to think of this type as similar to `&'a mut ManuallyDrop<dyn Any>` but
/// without the metadata and able to point to data that does not correspond to a Rust type.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct OwningPtr<'a, A: IsAligned = Aligned>(NonNull<u8>, PhantomData<(&'a mut u8, A)>);
macro_rules! impl_ptr {
($ptr:ident) => {
impl<'a> $ptr<'a, Aligned> {
/// Removes the alignment requirement of this pointer
pub fn to_unaligned(self) -> $ptr<'a, Unaligned> {
$ptr(self.0, PhantomData)
}
}
impl<'a, A: IsAligned> From<$ptr<'a, A>> for NonNull<u8> {
fn from(ptr: $ptr<'a, A>) -> Self {
ptr.0
}
}
impl<A: IsAligned> $ptr<'_, A> {
/// Calculates the offset from a pointer.
/// As the pointer is type-erased, there is no size information available. The provided
/// `count` parameter is in raw bytes.
///
/// *See also: [`ptr::offset`][ptr_offset]*
///
/// # Safety
/// - The offset cannot make the existing ptr null, or take it out of bounds for its allocation.
/// - If the `A` type parameter is [`Aligned`] then the offset must not make the resulting pointer
/// be unaligned for the pointee type.
/// - The value pointed by the resulting pointer must outlive the lifetime of this pointer.
///
/// [ptr_offset]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.pointer.html#method.offset
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn byte_offset(self, count: isize) -> Self {
Self(
// SAFETY: The caller upholds safety for `offset` and ensures the result is not null.
unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(self.as_ptr().offset(count)) },
PhantomData,
)
}
/// Calculates the offset from a pointer (convenience for `.offset(count as isize)`).
/// As the pointer is type-erased, there is no size information available. The provided
/// `count` parameter is in raw bytes.
///
/// *See also: [`ptr::add`][ptr_add]*
///
/// # Safety
/// - The offset cannot make the existing ptr null, or take it out of bounds for its allocation.
/// - If the `A` type parameter is [`Aligned`] then the offset must not make the resulting pointer
/// be unaligned for the pointee type.
/// - The value pointed by the resulting pointer must outlive the lifetime of this pointer.
///
/// [ptr_add]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.pointer.html#method.add
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn byte_add(self, count: usize) -> Self {
Self(
// SAFETY: The caller upholds safety for `add` and ensures the result is not null.
unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(self.as_ptr().add(count)) },
PhantomData,
)
}
}
impl<A: IsAligned> Pointer for $ptr<'_, A> {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
Pointer::fmt(&self.0, f)
}
}
};
}
impl_ptr!(Ptr);
impl_ptr!(PtrMut);
impl_ptr!(OwningPtr);
impl<'a, A: IsAligned> Ptr<'a, A> {
/// Creates a new instance from a raw pointer.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `inner` must point to valid value of whatever the pointee type is.
/// - If the `A` type parameter is [`Aligned`] then `inner` must be sufficiently aligned for the pointee type.
/// - `inner` must have correct provenance to allow reads of the pointee type.
/// - The lifetime `'a` must be constrained such that this [`Ptr`] will stay valid and nothing
/// can mutate the pointee while this [`Ptr`] is live except through an [`UnsafeCell`].
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn new(inner: NonNull<u8>) -> Self {
Self(inner, PhantomData)
}
/// Transforms this [`Ptr`] into an [`PtrMut`]
///
/// # Safety
/// Another [`PtrMut`] for the same [`Ptr`] must not be created until the first is dropped.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn assert_unique(self) -> PtrMut<'a, A> {
PtrMut(self.0, PhantomData)
}
/// Transforms this [`Ptr<T>`] into a `&T` with the same lifetime
///
/// # Safety
/// - `T` must be the erased pointee type for this [`Ptr`].
/// - If the type parameter `A` is [`Unaligned`] then this pointer must be sufficiently aligned
/// for the pointee type `T`.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn deref<T>(self) -> &'a T {
let ptr = self.as_ptr().cast::<T>().debug_ensure_aligned();
// SAFETY: The caller ensures the pointee is of type `T` and the pointer can be dereferenced.
unsafe { &*ptr }
}
/// Gets the underlying pointer, erasing the associated lifetime.
///
/// If possible, it is strongly encouraged to use [`deref`](Self::deref) over this function,
/// as it retains the lifetime.
#[inline]
pub fn as_ptr(self) -> *mut u8 {
self.0.as_ptr()
}
}
impl<'a, T: ?Sized> From<&'a T> for Ptr<'a> {
#[inline]
fn from(val: &'a T) -> Self {
// SAFETY: The returned pointer has the same lifetime as the passed reference.
// Access is immutable.
unsafe { Self::new(NonNull::from(val).cast()) }
}
}
impl<'a, A: IsAligned> PtrMut<'a, A> {
/// Creates a new instance from a raw pointer.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `inner` must point to valid value of whatever the pointee type is.
/// - If the `A` type parameter is [`Aligned`] then `inner` must be sufficiently aligned for the pointee type.
/// - `inner` must have correct provenance to allow read and writes of the pointee type.
/// - The lifetime `'a` must be constrained such that this [`PtrMut`] will stay valid and nothing
/// else can read or mutate the pointee while this [`PtrMut`] is live.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn new(inner: NonNull<u8>) -> Self {
Self(inner, PhantomData)
}
/// Transforms this [`PtrMut`] into an [`OwningPtr`]
///
/// # Safety
/// Must have right to drop or move out of [`PtrMut`].
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn promote(self) -> OwningPtr<'a, A> {
OwningPtr(self.0, PhantomData)
}
/// Transforms this [`PtrMut<T>`] into a `&mut T` with the same lifetime
///
/// # Safety
/// - `T` must be the erased pointee type for this [`PtrMut`].
/// - If the type parameter `A` is [`Unaligned`] then this pointer must be sufficiently aligned
/// for the pointee type `T`.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn deref_mut<T>(self) -> &'a mut T {
let ptr = self.as_ptr().cast::<T>().debug_ensure_aligned();
// SAFETY: The caller ensures the pointee is of type `T` and the pointer can be dereferenced.
unsafe { &mut *ptr }
}
/// Gets the underlying pointer, erasing the associated lifetime.
///
/// If possible, it is strongly encouraged to use [`deref_mut`](Self::deref_mut) over
/// this function, as it retains the lifetime.
#[inline]
pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut u8 {
self.0.as_ptr()
}
/// Gets a [`PtrMut`] from this with a smaller lifetime.
#[inline]
pub fn reborrow(&mut self) -> PtrMut<'_, A> {
// SAFETY: the ptrmut we're borrowing from is assumed to be valid
unsafe { PtrMut::new(self.0) }
}
/// Gets an immutable reference from this mutable reference
#[inline]
pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Ptr<'_, A> {
// SAFETY: The `PtrMut` type's guarantees about the validity of this pointer are a superset of `Ptr` s guarantees
unsafe { Ptr::new(self.0) }
}
}
impl<'a, T: ?Sized> From<&'a mut T> for PtrMut<'a> {
#[inline]
fn from(val: &'a mut T) -> Self {
// SAFETY: The returned pointer has the same lifetime as the passed reference.
// The reference is mutable, and thus will not alias.
unsafe { Self::new(NonNull::from(val).cast()) }
}
}
impl<'a> OwningPtr<'a> {
/// This exists mostly to reduce compile times;
/// code is only duplicated per type, rather than per function called.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// Safety constraints of [`PtrMut::promote`] must be upheld.
unsafe fn make_internal<T>(temp: &mut ManuallyDrop<T>) -> OwningPtr<'_> {
// SAFETY: The constraints of `promote` are upheld by caller.
unsafe { PtrMut::from(&mut *temp).promote() }
}
/// Consumes a value and creates an [`OwningPtr`] to it while ensuring a double drop does not happen.
#[inline]
pub fn make<T, F: FnOnce(OwningPtr<'_>) -> R, R>(val: T, f: F) -> R {
// SAFETY: The value behind the pointer will not get dropped or observed later,
// so it's safe to promote it to an owning pointer.
f(unsafe { Self::make_internal(&mut ManuallyDrop::new(val)) })
}
}
impl<'a, A: IsAligned> OwningPtr<'a, A> {
/// Creates a new instance from a raw pointer.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `inner` must point to valid value of whatever the pointee type is.
/// - If the `A` type parameter is [`Aligned`] then `inner` must be sufficiently aligned for the pointee type.
/// - `inner` must have correct provenance to allow read and writes of the pointee type.
/// - The lifetime `'a` must be constrained such that this [`OwningPtr`] will stay valid and nothing
/// else can read or mutate the pointee while this [`OwningPtr`] is live.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn new(inner: NonNull<u8>) -> Self {
Self(inner, PhantomData)
}
/// Consumes the [`OwningPtr`] to obtain ownership of the underlying data of type `T`.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `T` must be the erased pointee type for this [`OwningPtr`].
/// - If the type parameter `A` is [`Unaligned`] then this pointer must be sufficiently aligned
/// for the pointee type `T`.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn read<T>(self) -> T {
let ptr = self.as_ptr().cast::<T>().debug_ensure_aligned();
// SAFETY: The caller ensure the pointee is of type `T` and uphold safety for `read`.
unsafe { ptr.read() }
}
/// Consumes the [`OwningPtr`] to drop the underlying data of type `T`.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `T` must be the erased pointee type for this [`OwningPtr`].
/// - If the type parameter `A` is [`Unaligned`] then this pointer must be sufficiently aligned
/// for the pointee type `T`.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn drop_as<T>(self) {
let ptr = self.as_ptr().cast::<T>().debug_ensure_aligned();
// SAFETY: The caller ensure the pointee is of type `T` and uphold safety for `drop_in_place`.
unsafe {
ptr.drop_in_place();
}
}
/// Gets the underlying pointer, erasing the associated lifetime.
///
/// If possible, it is strongly encouraged to use the other more type-safe functions
/// over this function.
#[inline]
pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut u8 {
self.0.as_ptr()
}
/// Gets an immutable pointer from this owned pointer.
#[inline]
pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Ptr<'_, A> {
// SAFETY: The `Owning` type's guarantees about the validity of this pointer are a superset of `Ptr` s guarantees
unsafe { Ptr::new(self.0) }
}
/// Gets a mutable pointer from this owned pointer.
#[inline]
pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> PtrMut<'_, A> {
// SAFETY: The `Owning` type's guarantees about the validity of this pointer are a superset of `Ptr` s guarantees
unsafe { PtrMut::new(self.0) }
}
}
impl<'a> OwningPtr<'a, Unaligned> {
/// Consumes the [`OwningPtr`] to obtain ownership of the underlying data of type `T`.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `T` must be the erased pointee type for this [`OwningPtr`].
pub unsafe fn read_unaligned<T>(self) -> T {
let ptr = self.as_ptr().cast::<T>();
// SAFETY: The caller ensure the pointee is of type `T` and uphold safety for `read_unaligned`.
unsafe { ptr.read_unaligned() }
}
}
/// Conceptually equivalent to `&'a [T]` but with length information cut out for performance reasons
pub struct ThinSlicePtr<'a, T> {
ptr: NonNull<T>,
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
len: usize,
_marker: PhantomData<&'a [T]>,
}
impl<'a, T> ThinSlicePtr<'a, T> {
#[inline]
/// Indexes the slice without doing bounds checks
///
/// # Safety
/// `index` must be in-bounds.
pub unsafe fn get(self, index: usize) -> &'a T {
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
debug_assert!(index < self.len);
let ptr = self.ptr.as_ptr();
// SAFETY: `index` is in-bounds so the resulting pointer is valid to dereference.
unsafe { &*ptr.add(index) }
}
}
impl<'a, T> Clone for ThinSlicePtr<'a, T> {
fn clone(&self) -> Self {
*self
}
}
impl<'a, T> Copy for ThinSlicePtr<'a, T> {}
impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for ThinSlicePtr<'a, T> {
#[inline]
fn from(slice: &'a [T]) -> Self {
let ptr = slice.as_ptr().cast_mut();
Self {
// SAFETY: a reference can never be null
ptr: unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr.debug_ensure_aligned()) },
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
len: slice.len(),
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
}
/// Creates a dangling pointer with specified alignment.
/// See [`NonNull::dangling`].
pub const fn dangling_with_align(align: NonZeroUsize) -> NonNull<u8> {
debug_assert!(align.is_power_of_two(), "Alignment must be power of two.");
// SAFETY: The pointer will not be null, since it was created
// from the address of a `NonZero<usize>`.
// TODO: use https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.with_addr once stabilized
unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr::null_mut::<u8>().wrapping_add(align.get())) }
}
mod private {
use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
pub trait SealedUnsafeCell {}
impl<'a, T> SealedUnsafeCell for &'a UnsafeCell<T> {}
}
/// Extension trait for helper methods on [`UnsafeCell`]
pub trait UnsafeCellDeref<'a, T>: private::SealedUnsafeCell {
/// # Safety
/// - The returned value must be unique and not alias any mutable or immutable references to the contents of the [`UnsafeCell`].
/// - At all times, you must avoid data races. If multiple threads have access to the same [`UnsafeCell`], then any writes must have a proper happens-before relation to all other accesses or use atomics ([`UnsafeCell`] docs for reference).
unsafe fn deref_mut(self) -> &'a mut T;
/// # Safety
/// - For the lifetime `'a` of the returned value you must not construct a mutable reference to the contents of the [`UnsafeCell`].
/// - At all times, you must avoid data races. If multiple threads have access to the same [`UnsafeCell`], then any writes must have a proper happens-before relation to all other accesses or use atomics ([`UnsafeCell`] docs for reference).
unsafe fn deref(self) -> &'a T;
/// Returns a copy of the contained value.
///
/// # Safety
/// - The [`UnsafeCell`] must not currently have a mutable reference to its content.
/// - At all times, you must avoid data races. If multiple threads have access to the same [`UnsafeCell`], then any writes must have a proper happens-before relation to all other accesses or use atomics ([`UnsafeCell`] docs for reference).
unsafe fn read(self) -> T
where
T: Copy;
}
impl<'a, T> UnsafeCellDeref<'a, T> for &'a UnsafeCell<T> {
#[inline]
unsafe fn deref_mut(self) -> &'a mut T {
// SAFETY: The caller upholds the alias rules.
unsafe { &mut *self.get() }
}
#[inline]
unsafe fn deref(self) -> &'a T {
// SAFETY: The caller upholds the alias rules.
unsafe { &*self.get() }
}
#[inline]
unsafe fn read(self) -> T
where
T: Copy,
{
// SAFETY: The caller upholds the alias rules.
unsafe { self.get().read() }
}
}
trait DebugEnsureAligned {
fn debug_ensure_aligned(self) -> Self;
}
// Disable this for miri runs as it already checks if pointer to reference
// casts are properly aligned.
#[cfg(all(debug_assertions, not(miri)))]
impl<T: Sized> DebugEnsureAligned for *mut T {
#[track_caller]
fn debug_ensure_aligned(self) -> Self {
let align = align_of::<T>();
// Implementation shamelessly borrowed from the currently unstable
// ptr.is_aligned_to.
//
// Replace once https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/96284 is stable.
assert_eq!(
self as usize & (align - 1),
0,
"pointer is not aligned. Address {:p} does not have alignment {} for type {}",
self,
align,
core::any::type_name::<T>()
);
self
}
}
#[cfg(any(not(debug_assertions), miri))]
impl<T: Sized> DebugEnsureAligned for *mut T {
#[inline(always)]
fn debug_ensure_aligned(self) -> Self {
self
}
}