use crate::ser::ScratchSpace;
use core::{
    alloc::Layout,
    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
    fmt,
    mem::MaybeUninit,
    ops,
    ptr::NonNull,
    slice,
};

/// A vector view into serializer scratch space.
pub struct ScratchVec<T> {
    ptr: NonNull<T>,
    cap: usize,
    len: usize,
}

impl<T> Drop for ScratchVec<T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        for i in 0..self.len {
            unsafe {
                core::ptr::drop_in_place(self.ptr.as_ptr().add(i));
            }
        }
    }
}

// SAFETY: ScratchVec is safe to send to another thread is T is safe to send to another thread
unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for ScratchVec<T> {}

// SAFETY: ScratchVec is safe to share between threads if T is safe to share between threads
unsafe impl<T: Sync> Sync for ScratchVec<T> {}

impl<T> ScratchVec<T> {
    /// Constructs a new, empty `ScratchVec` with the specified capacity.
    ///
    /// The vector will be able to hold exactly `capacity` elements. If `capacity` is 0, the vector
    /// will not allocate.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - The vector must not outlive the given scratch space.
    /// - Vectors must be dropped in the reverse order they are allocated.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn new<S: ScratchSpace + ?Sized>(
        scratch_space: &mut S,
        capacity: usize,
    ) -> Result<Self, S::Error> {
        let layout = Layout::array::<T>(capacity).unwrap();
        if layout.size() == 0 {
            Ok(Self {
                ptr: NonNull::dangling(),
                cap: capacity,
                len: 0,
            })
        } else {
            let ptr = scratch_space.push_scratch(layout)?;
            Ok(Self {
                ptr: ptr.cast(),
                cap: capacity,
                len: 0,
            })
        }
    }

    /// Frees the memory associated with the scratch vec and releases it back to the scratch space.
    ///
    /// This must be called when serialization succeeds, but may be omitted when serialization
    /// fails. In that case, the elements of the scratch vec will be dropped but the memory will not
    /// be popped. It is the duty of the scratch space in that case to ensure that memory resources
    /// are properly cleaned up.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// The given scratch space must be the same one used to allocate the scratch vec.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn free<S: ScratchSpace + ?Sized>(
        self,
        scratch_space: &mut S,
    ) -> Result<(), S::Error> {
        let layout = self.layout();
        if layout.size() != 0 {
            let ptr = self.ptr.cast();
            core::mem::drop(self);
            scratch_space.pop_scratch(ptr, layout)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    #[inline]
    fn layout(&self) -> Layout {
        Layout::array::<T>(self.cap).unwrap()
    }

    /// Clears the vector, removing all values.
    ///
    /// Note that this method has no effect on the allocated capacity of the vector.
    #[inline]
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.len = 0;
    }

    /// Returns an unsafe mutable pointer to the vector's buffer.
    ///
    /// The caller must ensure that the vector outlives the pointer this function returns, or else
    /// it will end up pointing to garbage.
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut T {
        self.ptr.as_ptr()
    }

    /// Extracts a mutable slice of the entire vector.
    ///
    /// Equivalent to `&mut s[..]`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.ptr.as_ptr(), self.len) }
    }

    /// Returns a raw pointer to the vector's buffer.
    ///
    /// The caller must ensure that the vector outlives the pointer this functions returns, or else
    /// it will end up pointing to garbage.
    ///
    /// The caller must also ensure that the memory the pointer (non-transitively) points to is
    /// never written to (except inside an `UnsafeCell`) using this pointer or any pointer derived
    /// from it. If you need to mutate the contents of the slice, use
    /// [`as_mut_ptr`](ScratchVec::as_mut_ptr).
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const T {
        self.ptr.as_ptr()
    }

    /// Extracts a slice containing the entire vector.
    ///
    /// Equivalent to `&s[..]`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.ptr.as_ptr(), self.len) }
    }

    /// Returns the number of elements the vector can hole without reallocating.
    #[inline]
    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
        self.cap
    }

    /// Ensures that there is capacity for at least `additional` more elements to be inserted into
    /// the `ScratchVec`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the required capacity exceeds the available capacity.
    #[inline]
    pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
        if self.len + additional > self.cap {
            panic!("reserve requested more capacity than the scratch vec has available");
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the vector contains no elements.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.len == 0
    }

    /// Returns the number of elements in the vector, also referred to as its `length`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.len
    }

    /// Copies and appends all elements in a slice to the `ScratchVec`.
    ///
    /// The elements of the slice are appended in-order.
    #[inline]
    pub fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, other: &[T]) {
        if !other.is_empty() {
            self.reserve(other.len());
            unsafe {
                core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
                    other.as_ptr(),
                    self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len()),
                    other.len(),
                );
            }
            self.len += other.len();
        }
    }

    /// Removes the last element from a vector and returns it, or `None` if it is empty.
    #[inline]
    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        if self.len == 0 {
            None
        } else {
            unsafe {
                self.len -= 1;
                Some(self.as_ptr().add(self.len()).read())
            }
        }
    }

    /// Appends an element to the back of a collection.
    #[inline]
    pub fn push(&mut self, value: T) {
        unsafe {
            self.reserve(1);
            self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len).write(value);
            self.len += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Reserves the minimum capacity for exactly `additional` more elements to be inserted in the
    /// given `AlignedVec`. After calling `reserve_exact`, capacity will be greater than or equal
    /// to `self.len() + additional`. Does nothing if the capacity is already sufficient.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the required capacity exceeds the available capacity.
    #[inline]
    pub fn reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize) {
        self.reserve(additional);
    }

    /// Forces the length of the vector to `new_len`.
    ///
    /// This is a low-level operation that maintains none of the normal invariants of the type.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `new_len` must be less than or equal to [`capacity()`](ScratchVec::capacity)
    /// - The elements at `old_len..new_len` must be initialized
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn set_len(&mut self, new_len: usize) {
        debug_assert!(new_len <= self.capacity());

        self.len = new_len;
    }

    // This is taken from `slice::range`, which is not yet stable.
    #[inline]
    fn drain_range<R>(range: R, bounds: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> ops::Range<usize>
    where
        R: ops::RangeBounds<usize>,
    {
        let len = bounds.end;

        let start: ops::Bound<&usize> = range.start_bound();
        let start = match start {
            ops::Bound::Included(&start) => start,
            ops::Bound::Excluded(start) => start
                .checked_add(1)
                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("attempted to index slice from after maximum usize")),
            ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
        };

        let end: ops::Bound<&usize> = range.end_bound();
        let end = match end {
            ops::Bound::Included(end) => end
                .checked_add(1)
                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("attempted to index slice up to maximum usize")),
            ops::Bound::Excluded(&end) => end,
            ops::Bound::Unbounded => len,
        };

        if start > end {
            panic!("slice index starts at {} but ends at {}", start, end);
        }
        if end > len {
            panic!(
                "range start index {} out of range for slice of length {}",
                end, len
            );
        }

        ops::Range { start, end }
    }

    /// Creates a draining iterator that removes the specified range in the vector and yields the
    /// removed items.
    ///
    /// When the iterator **is** dropped, all elements in the range are removed from the vector,
    /// even if the iterator was not fully consumed. If the iterator **is not** dropped (with
    /// `mem::forget` for example), it is unspecified how many elements are removed.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the starting point is greater than the end point or if the end point is greater
    /// than the length of the vector.
    #[inline]
    pub fn drain<R: ops::RangeBounds<usize>>(&mut self, range: R) -> Drain<'_, T> {
        let len = self.len();
        let ops::Range { start, end } = Self::drain_range(range, ..len);

        unsafe {
            self.set_len(start);
            let range_slice = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr().add(start), end - start);
            Drain {
                tail_start: end,
                tail_len: len - end,
                iter: range_slice.iter(),
                vec: NonNull::from(self),
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<T> ScratchVec<MaybeUninit<T>> {
    /// Assuming that all the elements are initialized, removes the `MaybeUninit` wrapper from the
    /// vector.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// It is up to the caller to guarantee that the `MaybeUninit<T>` elements really are in an
    /// initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes
    /// undefined behavior.
    #[inline]
    pub fn assume_init(self) -> ScratchVec<T> {
        ScratchVec {
            ptr: self.ptr.cast(),
            cap: self.cap,
            len: self.len,
        }
    }
}

impl<T> AsMut<[T]> for ScratchVec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
        self.as_mut_slice()
    }
}

impl<T> AsRef<[T]> for ScratchVec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[T] {
        self.as_slice()
    }
}

impl<T> Borrow<[T]> for ScratchVec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn borrow(&self) -> &[T] {
        self.as_slice()
    }
}

impl<T> BorrowMut<[T]> for ScratchVec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
        self.as_mut_slice()
    }
}

impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for ScratchVec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.as_slice().fmt(f)
    }
}

impl<T> ops::Deref for ScratchVec<T> {
    type Target = [T];

    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        self.as_slice()
    }
}

impl<T> ops::DerefMut for ScratchVec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        self.as_mut_slice()
    }
}

impl<T, I: slice::SliceIndex<[T]>> ops::Index<I> for ScratchVec<T> {
    type Output = <I as slice::SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output;

    #[inline]
    fn index(&self, index: I) -> &Self::Output {
        &self.as_slice()[index]
    }
}

impl<T, I: slice::SliceIndex<[T]>> ops::IndexMut<I> for ScratchVec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: I) -> &mut Self::Output {
        &mut self.as_mut_slice()[index]
    }
}

/// A draining iterator for `ScratchVec<T>`.
///
/// This `struct` is created by [`ScratchVec::drain`]. See its documentation for more.
pub struct Drain<'a, T: 'a> {
    tail_start: usize,
    tail_len: usize,
    iter: slice::Iter<'a, T>,
    vec: NonNull<ScratchVec<T>>,
}

impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Drain<'_, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_tuple("Drain").field(&self.iter.as_slice()).finish()
    }
}

impl<T> Drain<'_, T> {
    /// Returns the remaining items of this iterator as a slice.
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
        self.iter.as_slice()
    }
}

impl<T> AsRef<[T]> for Drain<'_, T> {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[T] {
        self.as_slice()
    }
}

impl<T> Iterator for Drain<'_, T> {
    type Item = T;

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        self.iter
            .next()
            .map(|elt| unsafe { core::ptr::read(elt as *const _) })
    }

    #[inline]
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        self.iter.size_hint()
    }
}

impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for Drain<'_, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        self.iter
            .next_back()
            .map(|elt| unsafe { core::ptr::read(elt as *const _) })
    }
}

impl<T> Drop for Drain<'_, T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        /// Continues dropping the remaining elements in the `Drain`, then moves back the
        /// un-`Drain`ed elements to restore the original `Vec`.
        struct DropGuard<'r, 'a, T>(&'r mut Drain<'a, T>);

        impl<'r, 'a, T> Drop for DropGuard<'r, 'a, T> {
            fn drop(&mut self) {
                // Continue the same loop we have below. If the loop already finished, this does
                // nothing.
                self.0.for_each(drop);

                if self.0.tail_len > 0 {
                    unsafe {
                        let source_vec = self.0.vec.as_mut();
                        // memmove back untouched tail, update to new length
                        let start = source_vec.len();
                        let tail = self.0.tail_start;
                        if tail != start {
                            let src = source_vec.as_ptr().add(tail);
                            let dst = source_vec.as_mut_ptr().add(start);
                            core::ptr::copy(src, dst, self.0.tail_len);
                        }
                        source_vec.set_len(start + self.0.tail_len);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // exhaust self first
        while let Some(item) = self.next() {
            let guard = DropGuard(self);
            drop(item);
            core::mem::forget(guard);
        }

        // Drop a `DropGuard` to move back the non-drained tail of `self`.
        DropGuard(self);
    }
}

impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for Drain<'_, T> {}

impl<T> core::iter::FusedIterator for Drain<'_, T> {}