Struct Box

1.0.0 · Source

pub struct Box<T, A = Global>(/* private fields */)
where
    A: Allocator,
    T: ?Sized;

Expand description

A pointer type that uniquely owns a heap allocation of type T.

See the module-level documentation for more.

Implementations§

Source §

impl<A> Box<dyn Any, A>
where A: Allocator,

1.0.0 · Source

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any, A>>
where T: Any,

Attempts to downcast the box to a concrete type.

§Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

Source

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>
where T: Any,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (downcast_unchecked)

Downcasts the box to a concrete type.

For a safe alternative see downcast.

§Examples

#![feature(downcast_unchecked)]

use std::any::Any;

let x: Box<dyn Any> = Box::new(1_usize);

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(*x.downcast_unchecked::<usize>(), 1);
}

§Safety

The contained value must be of type T. Calling this method with the incorrect type is undefined behavior.

Source §

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Send, A>
where A: Allocator,

1.0.0 · Source

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Send, A>>
where T: Any,

Attempts to downcast the box to a concrete type.

§Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any + Send>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

Source

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>
where T: Any,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (downcast_unchecked)

Downcasts the box to a concrete type.

For a safe alternative see downcast.

§Examples

#![feature(downcast_unchecked)]

use std::any::Any;

let x: Box<dyn Any + Send> = Box::new(1_usize);

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(*x.downcast_unchecked::<usize>(), 1);
}

§Safety

The contained value must be of type T. Calling this method with the incorrect type is undefined behavior.

Source §

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>
where A: Allocator,

1.51.0 · Source

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>>
where T: Any,

Attempts to downcast the box to a concrete type.

§Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

Source

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>
where T: Any,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (downcast_unchecked)

Downcasts the box to a concrete type.

For a safe alternative see downcast.

§Examples

#![feature(downcast_unchecked)]

use std::any::Any;

let x: Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync> = Box::new(1_usize);

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(*x.downcast_unchecked::<usize>(), 1);
}

§Safety

The contained value must be of type T. Calling this method with the incorrect type is undefined behavior.

Source §

impl<T> Box<T>

1.0.0 · Source

pub fn new(x: T) -> Box<T>

Allocates memory on the heap and then places x into it.

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

§Examples

let five = Box::new(5);

1.82.0 · Source

pub fn new_uninit() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>>

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents.

§Examples

let mut five = Box::<u32>::new_uninit();
// Deferred initialization:
five.write(5);
let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

Source

pub fn new_zeroed() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_zeroed_alloc)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(new_zeroed_alloc)]

let zero = Box::<u32>::new_zeroed();
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

1.33.0 · Source

pub fn pin(x: T) -> Pin<Box<T>>

Constructs a new Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then x will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

Constructing and pinning of the Box can also be done in two steps: Box::pin(x) does the same as Box::into_pin(Box::new(x)). Consider using into_pin if you already have a Box<T>, or if you want to construct a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new.

Source

pub fn try_new(x: T) -> Result<Box<T>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Allocates memory on the heap then places x into it, returning an error if the allocation fails

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

let five = Box::try_new(5)?;

Source

pub fn try_new_uninit() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents on the heap, returning an error if the allocation fails

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

let mut five = Box::<u32>::try_new_uninit()?;
// Deferred initialization:
five.write(5);
let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

Source

pub fn try_new_zeroed() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes on the heap

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

let zero = Box::<u32>::try_new_zeroed()?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

Source §

impl<T, A> Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator,

Source

pub fn new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Allocates memory in the given allocator then places x into it.

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let five = Box::new_in(5, System);

Source

pub fn try_new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Result<Box<T, A>, AllocError>
where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Allocates memory in the given allocator then places x into it, returning an error if the allocation fails

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let five = Box::try_new_in(5, System)?;

Source

pub fn new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>
where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Box::<u32, _>::new_uninit_in(System);
// Deferred initialization:
five.write(5);
let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

Source

pub fn try_new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>
where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator, returning an error if the allocation fails

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Box::<u32, _>::try_new_uninit_in(System)?;
// Deferred initialization:
five.write(5);
let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

Source

pub fn new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>
where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes in the provided allocator.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Box::<u32, _>::new_zeroed_in(System);
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

Source

pub fn try_new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>
where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes in the provided allocator, returning an error if the allocation fails,

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Box::<u32, _>::try_new_zeroed_in(System)?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

Source

pub fn pin_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>
where A: 'static + Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Pin<Box<T, A>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then x will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

Constructing and pinning of the Box can also be done in two steps: Box::pin_in(x, alloc) does the same as Box::into_pin(Box::new_in(x, alloc)). Consider using into_pin if you already have a Box<T, A>, or if you want to construct a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new_in.

Source

pub fn into_boxed_slice(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Box<[T], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_into_boxed_slice)

Converts a Box<T> into a Box<[T]>

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

Source

pub fn into_inner(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> T

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_into_inner)

Consumes the Box, returning the wrapped value.

§Examples

#![feature(box_into_inner)]

let c = Box::new(5);

assert_eq!(Box::into_inner(c), 5);

Source §

impl<T> Box<[T]>

1.82.0 · Source

pub fn new_uninit_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents.

§Examples

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);
// Deferred initialization:
values[0].write(1);
values[1].write(2);
values[2].write(3);
let values = unsafe {values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

Source

pub fn new_zeroed_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_zeroed_alloc)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(new_zeroed_alloc)]

let values = Box::<[u32]>::new_zeroed_slice(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0])

Source

pub fn try_new_uninit_slice( len: usize, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents. Returns an error if the allocation fails.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::try_new_uninit_slice(3)?;
// Deferred initialization:
values[0].write(1);
values[1].write(2);
values[2].write(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3]);

Source

pub fn try_new_zeroed_slice( len: usize, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes. Returns an error if the allocation fails.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

let values = Box::<[u32]>::try_new_zeroed_slice(3)?;
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0]);

Source

pub fn into_array<const N: usize>(self) -> Option<Box<[T; N]>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_as_array)

Converts the boxed slice into a boxed array.

This operation does not reallocate; the underlying array of the slice is simply reinterpreted as an array type.

If N is not exactly equal to the length of self, then this method returns None.

Source §

impl<T, A> Box<[T], A>
where A: Allocator,

Source

pub fn new_uninit_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let mut values = Box::<[u32], _>::new_uninit_slice_in(3, System);
// Deferred initialization:
values[0].write(1);
values[1].write(2);
values[2].write(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

Source

pub fn new_zeroed_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let values = Box::<[u32], _>::new_zeroed_slice_in(3, System);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0])

Source

pub fn try_new_uninit_slice_in( len: usize, alloc: A, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator. Returns an error if the allocation fails.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let mut values = Box::<[u32], _>::try_new_uninit_slice_in(3, System)?;
// Deferred initialization:
values[0].write(1);
values[1].write(2);
values[2].write(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3]);

Source

pub fn try_new_zeroed_slice_in( len: usize, alloc: A, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes. Returns an error if the allocation fails.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

§Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let values = Box::<[u32], _>::try_new_zeroed_slice_in(3, System)?;
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0]);

Source §

impl<T, A> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>
where A: Allocator,

1.82.0 · Source

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<T, A>

Converts to Box<T, A>.

§Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the value really is in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

§Examples

let mut five = Box::<u32>::new_uninit();
// Deferred initialization:
five.write(5);
let five: Box<u32> = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

1.88.0 · Source

pub fn write(boxed: Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, value: T) -> Box<T, A>

Writes the value and converts to Box<T, A>.

This method converts the box similarly to Box::assume_init but writes value into it before conversion thus guaranteeing safety. In some scenarios use of this method may improve performance because the compiler may be able to optimize copying from stack.

§Examples

let big_box = Box::<[usize; 1024]>::new_uninit();

let mut array = [0; 1024];
for (i, place) in array.iter_mut().enumerate() {
    *place = i;
}

// The optimizer may be able to elide this copy, so previous code writes
// to heap directly.
let big_box = Box::write(big_box, array);

for (i, x) in big_box.iter().enumerate() {
    assert_eq!(*x, i);
}

Source §

impl<T, A> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>
where A: Allocator,

1.82.0 · Source

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<[T], A>

Converts to Box<[T], A>.

§Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the values really are in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

§Examples

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);
// Deferred initialization:
values[0].write(1);
values[1].write(2);
values[2].write(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

Source §

impl<T> Box<T>
where T: ?Sized,

1.4.0 · Source

pub unsafe fn from_raw(raw: *mut T) -> Box<T>

Constructs a box from a raw pointer.

After calling this function, the raw pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

§Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

The raw pointer must point to a block of memory allocated by the global allocator.

The safety conditions are described in the memory layout section.

§Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a raw pointer using Box::into_raw:

let x = Box::new(5);
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the global allocator:

use std::alloc::{alloc, Layout};

unsafe {
    let ptr = alloc(Layout::new::<i32>()) as *mut i32;
    // In general .write is required to avoid attempting to destruct
    // the (uninitialized) previous contents of `ptr`, though for this
    // simple example `*ptr = 5` would have worked as well.
    ptr.write(5);
    let x = Box::from_raw(ptr);
}

Source

pub unsafe fn from_non_null(ptr: NonNull<T>) -> Box<T>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_vec_non_null)

Constructs a box from a NonNull pointer.

After calling this function, the NonNull pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

§Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same NonNull pointer.

The non-null pointer must point to a block of memory allocated by the global allocator.

The safety conditions are described in the memory layout section.

§Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a NonNull pointer using Box::into_non_null:

#![feature(box_vec_non_null)]

let x = Box::new(5);
let non_null = Box::into_non_null(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_non_null(non_null) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the global allocator:

#![feature(box_vec_non_null)]

use std::alloc::{alloc, Layout};
use std::ptr::NonNull;

unsafe {
    let non_null = NonNull::new(alloc(Layout::new::<i32>()).cast::<i32>())
        .expect("allocation failed");
    // In general .write is required to avoid attempting to destruct
    // the (uninitialized) previous contents of `non_null`.
    non_null.write(5);
    let x = Box::from_non_null(non_null);
}

Source §

impl<T, A> Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

Source

pub unsafe fn from_raw_in(raw: *mut T, alloc: A) -> Box<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a box from a raw pointer in the given allocator.

After calling this function, the raw pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

§Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

The raw pointer must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc.

§Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a raw pointer using Box::into_raw_with_allocator:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let x = Box::new_in(5, System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Box::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw_in(ptr, alloc) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the system allocator:

#![feature(allocator_api, slice_ptr_get)]

use std::alloc::{Allocator, Layout, System};

unsafe {
    let ptr = System.allocate(Layout::new::<i32>())?.as_mut_ptr() as *mut i32;
    // In general .write is required to avoid attempting to destruct
    // the (uninitialized) previous contents of `ptr`, though for this
    // simple example `*ptr = 5` would have worked as well.
    ptr.write(5);
    let x = Box::from_raw_in(ptr, System);
}

Source

pub unsafe fn from_non_null_in(raw: NonNull<T>, alloc: A) -> Box<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a box from a NonNull pointer in the given allocator.

After calling this function, the NonNull pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

§Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

The non-null pointer must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc.

§Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a NonNull pointer using Box::into_non_null_with_allocator:

#![feature(allocator_api, box_vec_non_null)]

use std::alloc::System;

let x = Box::new_in(5, System);
let (non_null, alloc) = Box::into_non_null_with_allocator(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_non_null_in(non_null, alloc) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the system allocator:

#![feature(allocator_api, box_vec_non_null, slice_ptr_get)]

use std::alloc::{Allocator, Layout, System};

unsafe {
    let non_null = System.allocate(Layout::new::<i32>())?.cast::<i32>();
    // In general .write is required to avoid attempting to destruct
    // the (uninitialized) previous contents of `non_null`.
    non_null.write(5);
    let x = Box::from_non_null_in(non_null, System);
}

1.4.0 · Source

pub fn into_raw(b: Box<T, A>) -> *mut T

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped raw pointer.

The pointer will be properly aligned and non-null.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory, taking into account the memory layout used by Box. The easiest way to do this is to convert the raw pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_raw function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_raw(b) instead of b.into_raw(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

§Examples

Converting the raw pointer back into a Box with Box::from_raw for automatic cleanup:

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor and deallocating the memory:

use std::alloc::{dealloc, Layout};
use std::ptr;

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
unsafe {
    ptr::drop_in_place(ptr);
    dealloc(ptr as *mut u8, Layout::new::<String>());
}

Note: This is equivalent to the following:

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
unsafe {
    drop(Box::from_raw(ptr));
}

Source

pub fn into_non_null(b: Box<T, A>) -> NonNull<T>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_vec_non_null)

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped NonNull pointer.

The pointer will be properly aligned.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory, taking into account the memory layout used by Box. The easiest way to do this is to convert the NonNull pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_non_null function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_non_null(b) instead of b.into_non_null(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

§Examples

Converting the NonNull pointer back into a Box with Box::from_non_null for automatic cleanup:

#![feature(box_vec_non_null)]

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let non_null = Box::into_non_null(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_non_null(non_null) };

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor and deallocating the memory:

#![feature(box_vec_non_null)]

use std::alloc::{dealloc, Layout};

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let non_null = Box::into_non_null(x);
unsafe {
    non_null.drop_in_place();
    dealloc(non_null.as_ptr().cast::<u8>(), Layout::new::<String>());
}

Note: This is equivalent to the following:

#![feature(box_vec_non_null)]

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let non_null = Box::into_non_null(x);
unsafe {
    drop(Box::from_non_null(non_null));
}

Source

pub fn into_raw_with_allocator(b: Box<T, A>) -> (*mut T, A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped raw pointer and the allocator.

The pointer will be properly aligned and non-null.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory, taking into account the memory layout used by Box. The easiest way to do this is to convert the raw pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_raw_in function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_raw_with_allocator(b) instead of b.into_raw_with_allocator(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

§Examples

Converting the raw pointer back into a Box with Box::from_raw_in for automatic cleanup:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Box::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw_in(ptr, alloc) };

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor and deallocating the memory:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::{Allocator, Layout, System};
use std::ptr::{self, NonNull};

let x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Box::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
unsafe {
    ptr::drop_in_place(ptr);
    let non_null = NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr);
    alloc.deallocate(non_null.cast(), Layout::new::<String>());
}

Source

pub fn into_non_null_with_allocator(b: Box<T, A>) -> (NonNull<T>, A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped NonNull pointer and the allocator.

The pointer will be properly aligned.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory, taking into account the memory layout used by Box. The easiest way to do this is to convert the NonNull pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_non_null_in function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_non_null_with_allocator(b) instead of b.into_non_null_with_allocator(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

§Examples

Converting the NonNull pointer back into a Box with Box::from_non_null_in for automatic cleanup:

#![feature(allocator_api, box_vec_non_null)]

use std::alloc::System;

let x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), System);
let (non_null, alloc) = Box::into_non_null_with_allocator(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_non_null_in(non_null, alloc) };

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor and deallocating the memory:

#![feature(allocator_api, box_vec_non_null)]

use std::alloc::{Allocator, Layout, System};

let x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), System);
let (non_null, alloc) = Box::into_non_null_with_allocator(x);
unsafe {
    non_null.drop_in_place();
    alloc.deallocate(non_null.cast::<u8>(), Layout::new::<String>());
}

Source

pub fn as_mut_ptr(b: &mut Box<T, A>) -> *mut T

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_as_ptr)

Returns a raw mutable pointer to the Box’s contents.

The caller must ensure that the Box outlives the pointer this function returns, or else it will end up dangling.

This method guarantees that for the purpose of the aliasing model, this method does not materialize a reference to the underlying memory, and thus the returned pointer will remain valid when mixed with other calls to as_ptr and as_mut_ptr. Note that calling other methods that materialize references to the memory may still invalidate this pointer. See the example below for how this guarantee can be used.

§Examples

Due to the aliasing guarantee, the following code is legal:

#![feature(box_as_ptr)]

unsafe {
    let mut b = Box::new(0);
    let ptr1 = Box::as_mut_ptr(&mut b);
    ptr1.write(1);
    let ptr2 = Box::as_mut_ptr(&mut b);
    ptr2.write(2);
    // Notably, the write to `ptr2` did *not* invalidate `ptr1`:
    ptr1.write(3);
}

Source

pub fn as_ptr(b: &Box<T, A>) -> *const T

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_as_ptr)

Returns a raw pointer to the Box’s contents.

The caller must ensure that the Box outlives the pointer this function returns, or else it will end up dangling.

The caller must also ensure that the memory the pointer (non-transitively) points to is never written to (except inside an UnsafeCell) using this pointer or any pointer derived from it. If you need to mutate the contents of the Box, use as_mut_ptr.

This method guarantees that for the purpose of the aliasing model, this method does not materialize a reference to the underlying memory, and thus the returned pointer will remain valid when mixed with other calls to as_ptr and as_mut_ptr. Note that calling other methods that materialize mutable references to the memory, as well as writing to this memory, may still invalidate this pointer. See the example below for how this guarantee can be used.

§Examples

Due to the aliasing guarantee, the following code is legal:

#![feature(box_as_ptr)]

unsafe {
    let mut v = Box::new(0);
    let ptr1 = Box::as_ptr(&v);
    let ptr2 = Box::as_mut_ptr(&mut v);
    let _val = ptr2.read();
    // No write to this memory has happened yet, so `ptr1` is still valid.
    let _val = ptr1.read();
    // However, once we do a write...
    ptr2.write(1);
    // ... `ptr1` is no longer valid.
    // This would be UB: let _val = ptr1.read();
}

Source

pub fn allocator(b: &Box<T, A>) -> &A

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Returns a reference to the underlying allocator.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::allocator(&b) instead of b.allocator(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

1.26.0 · Source

pub fn leak<'a>(b: Box<T, A>) -> &'a mut T
where A: 'a,

Consumes and leaks the Box, returning a mutable reference, &'a mut T.

Note that the type T must outlive the chosen lifetime 'a. If the type has only static references, or none at all, then this may be chosen to be 'static.

This function is mainly useful for data that lives for the remainder of the program’s life. Dropping the returned reference will cause a memory leak. If this is not acceptable, the reference should first be wrapped with the Box::from_raw function producing a Box. This Box can then be dropped which will properly destroy T and release the allocated memory.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::leak(b) instead of b.leak(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

§Examples

Simple usage:

let x = Box::new(41);
let static_ref: &'static mut usize = Box::leak(x);
*static_ref += 1;
assert_eq!(*static_ref, 42);

Unsized data:

let x = vec![1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice();
let static_ref = Box::leak(x);
static_ref[0] = 4;
assert_eq!(*static_ref, [4, 2, 3]);

1.63.0 · Source

pub fn into_pin(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>
where A: 'static,

Converts a Box<T> into a Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then *boxed will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

This is also available via From.

Constructing and pinning a Box with Box::into_pin(Box::new(x)) can also be written more concisely using Box::pin(x). This into_pin method is useful if you already have a Box<T>, or you are constructing a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new.

§Notes

It’s not recommended that crates add an impl like From<Box<T>> for Pin<T>, as it’ll introduce an ambiguity when calling Pin::from. A demonstration of such a poor impl is shown below.

struct Foo; // A type defined in this crate.
impl From<Box<()>> for Pin<Foo> {
    fn from(_: Box<()>) -> Pin<Foo> {
        Pin::new(Foo)
    }
}

let foo = Box::new(());
let bar = Pin::from(foo);

Trait Implementations§

Source §

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to poll_read. Read more

Attempt to read from the AsyncRead into buf. Read more

Attempt to write bytes from bufs into the object using vectored IO operations. Read more

Source §

fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Box<T>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempt to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination. Read more

Marks the given amount of additional bytes from the internal buffer as having been read. Subsequent calls to read only return bytes that have not been marked as read. Read more

Source §

fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (buf_read_has_data_left)

Returns the size of Self assuming the (contained) runtime-sized array has nr_of_el elements

Source §

§Examples

let x = Box::new(5);
let y = x.clone();

// The value is the same
assert_eq!(x, y);

// But they are unique objects
assert_ne!(&*x as *const i32, &*y as *const i32);

Source §

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Box<T, A>)

Copies source’s contents into self without creating a new allocation.

§Examples

let x = Box::new(5);
let mut y = Box::new(10);
let yp: *const i32 = &*y;

y.clone_from(&x);

// The value is the same
assert_eq!(x, y);

// And no allocation occurred
assert_eq!(yp, &*y);

Source §

fn entity(&self) -> Entity

Returns the contained entity.

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator. Read more

Source §

fn advance_back_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)

Advances the iterator from the back by n elements. Read more

1.27.0 · Source§

fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

This is the reverse version of Iterator::try_fold(): it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator. Read more

1.27.0 · Source§

fn rfold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

An iterator method that reduces the iterator’s elements to a single, final value, starting from the back. Read more

Source §

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

Source §

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

Returns the lower-level source of this error, if any. Read more

Source §

fn provide<'b>(&'b self, request: &mut Request<'b>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)

Notification that polling is complete, and EventSource::process_events will be called with the given events for this source. The iterator may be empty, which indicates that no events were generated for this source Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

impl<I, A> ExactSizeIterator for Box<I, A>
where I: ExactSizeIterator + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

Source §

fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the exact remaining length of the iterator. Read more

Source §

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (exact_size_is_empty)

Returns true if the iterator is empty. Read more

1.45.0 · Source§

impl<A> Extend<Box<str, A>> for String
where A: Allocator,

Source §

extern "rust-call" fn call( &self, args: Args, ) -> <Box<F, A> as FnOnce<Args>>::Output

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (fn_traits)

Performs the call operation.

1.35.0 · Source§

impl<Args, F, A> FnMut<Args> for Box<F, A>
where Args: Tuple, F: FnMut<Args> + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

Source §

extern "rust-call" fn call_mut( &mut self, args: Args, ) -> <Box<F, A> as FnOnce<Args>>::Output

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (fn_traits)

Performs the call operation.

1.35.0 · Source§

impl<Args, F, A> FnOnce<Args> for Box<F, A>
where Args: Tuple, F: FnOnce<Args> + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

Source §

type Output = <F as FnOnce<Args>>::Output

The returned type after the call operator is used.

Source §

extern "rust-call" fn call_once( self, args: Args, ) -> <Box<F, A> as FnOnce<Args>>::Output

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (fn_traits)

Performs the call operation.

1.17.0 · Source§

impl<T> From<&[T]> for Box<[T]>
where T: Clone,

Source §

fn from(slice: &[T]) -> Box<[T]>

Converts a &[T] into a Box<[T]>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of slice and its contents.

§Examples

// create a &[u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let slice: &[u8] = &[104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let boxed_slice: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(slice);

println!("{boxed_slice:?}");

1.17.0 · Source§

impl From<&CStr> for Box<CStr>

Source §

fn from(s: &CStr) -> Box<CStr>

Converts a &CStr into a Box<CStr>, by copying the contents into a newly allocated Box.

1.17.0 · Source§

impl From<&OsStr> for Box<OsStr>

Source §

fn from(s: &OsStr) -> Box<OsStr>

Copies the string into a newly allocated Box<OsStr>.

§Examples

// create a &mut [u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let mut array = [104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let slice: &mut [u8] = &mut array;
let boxed_slice: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(slice);

println!("{boxed_slice:?}");

This will allocate and clone path to it.

1.84.0 · Source§

impl From<&mut str> for Box<str>

Source §

fn from(s: &mut str) -> Box<str>

Converts a &mut str into a Box<str>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of s.

§Examples

let mut original = String::from("hello");
let original: &mut str = &mut original;
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from(original);
println!("{boxed}");

1.6.0 · Source§

impl<'a> From<&str> for Box<dyn Error + 'a>

Source §

fn from(err: &str) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a>

Converts a str into a box of dyn Error.

§Examples

use std::error::Error;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

1.0.0 · Source§

impl<'a> From<&str> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a>

Source §

fn from(err: &str) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a>

Converts a str into a box of dyn Error + Send + Sync.

§Examples

use std::error::Error;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(
    size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

1.17.0 · Source§

impl From<&str> for Box<str>

Source §

fn from(s: &str) -> Box<str>

Converts a &str into a Box<str>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of s.

§Examples

let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from("hello");
println!("{boxed}");

1.45.0 · Source§

impl<T, const N: usize> From<[T; N]> for Box<[T]>

Source §

fn from(array: [T; N]) -> Box<[T]>

Converts a [T; N] into a Box<[T]>

This conversion moves the array to newly heap-allocated memory.

§Examples

let boxed: Box<[u8]> = Box::from([4, 2]);
println!("{boxed:?}");

1.18.0 · Source§

impl<T, A> From<Box<T, A>> for Arc<T, A>
where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

Source §

fn from(v: Box<T, A>) -> Arc<T, A>

Move a boxed object to a new, reference-counted allocation.

§Example

let unique: Box<str> = Box::from("eggplant");
let shared: Arc<str> = Arc::from(unique);
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

1.33.0 · Source§

impl<T, A> From<Box<T, A>> for Pin<Box<T, A>>
where A: Allocator + 'static, T: ?Sized,

Source §

fn from(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>

Converts a Box<T> into a Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then *boxed will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

This is also available via Box::into_pin.

Constructing and pinning a Box with <Pin<Box<T>>>::from(Box::new(x)) can also be written more concisely using Box::pin(x). This From implementation is useful if you already have a Box<T>, or you are constructing a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new.

1.21.0 · Source§

Converts the given boxed str slice to a String. It is notable that the str slice is owned.

§Examples

let s1: String = String::from("hello world");
let s2: Box<str> = s1.into_boxed_str();
let s3: String = String::from(s2);

assert_eq!("hello world", s3)

1.19.0 · Source§

impl<A> From<Box<str, A>> for Box<[u8], A>
where A: Allocator,

Source §

fn from(s: Box<str, A>) -> Box<[u8], A>

Converts a Box<str> into a Box<[u8]>

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

§Examples

// create a Box<str> which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from("hello");
let boxed_str: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(boxed);

// create a &[u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let slice: &[u8] = &[104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let boxed_slice = Box::from(slice);

assert_eq!(boxed_slice, boxed_str);

1.20.0 · Source§

impl From<CString> for Box<CStr>

Source §

fn from(s: CString) -> Box<CStr>

Converts a CString into a Box<CStr> without copying or allocating.

impl From<Cow<'_, OsStr>> for Box<OsStr>

Source §

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, OsStr>) -> Box<OsStr>

Converts a Cow<'a, OsStr> into a Box<OsStr>, by copying the contents if they are borrowed.

1.45.0 · Source§

impl From<Cow<'_, Path>> for Box<Path>

Source §

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, Path>) -> Box<Path>

Creates a boxed Path from a clone-on-write pointer.

Converting from a Cow::Owned does not clone or allocate.

1.45.0 · Source§

impl From<Cow<'_, str>> for Box<str>

Source §

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, str>) -> Box<str>

Converts a Cow<'_, str> into a Box<str>

When cow is the Cow::Borrowed variant, this conversion allocates on the heap and copies the underlying str. Otherwise, it will try to reuse the owned String’s allocation.

§Examples

use std::borrow::Cow;

let unboxed = Cow::Borrowed("hello");
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from(unboxed);
println!("{boxed}");

let unboxed = Cow::Owned("hello".to_string());
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from(unboxed);
println!("{boxed}");

Converts a PathBuf into a Box<Path>.

let s1: String = String::from("hello world");
let s2: Box<str> = Box::from(s1);
let s3: String = String::from(s2);

assert_eq!("hello world", s3)

1.6.0 · Source§

impl<T> From<T> for Box<T>

Source §

fn from(t: T) -> Box<T>

Converts a T into a Box<T>

The conversion allocates on the heap and moves t from the stack into it.

§Examples

let x = 5;
let boxed = Box::new(5);

assert_eq!(Box::from(x), boxed);

Before doing the conversion, this method discards excess capacity like Vec::shrink_to_fit.

§Examples

assert_eq!(Box::from(vec![1, 2, 3]), vec![1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice());

Any excess capacity is removed:

let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(10);
vec.extend([1, 2, 3]);

assert_eq!(Box::from(vec), vec![1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice());

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more

1.22.0 · Source§

Treat this collection as a sequence of systems. Read more

Source §

Treat this collection as a sequence of systems. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_next_chunk)

Advances the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn count(self) -> usize
where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it. Read more

Source §

fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)

Advances the iterator by n elements. Read more

1.28.0 · Source§

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn chain(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, ::IntoIter> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn zip(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, ::IntoIter> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator,

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs. Read more

Source §

fn intersperse(self, separator: Self::Item) -> Intersperse<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)

Creates a new iterator which places a copy of separator between adjacent items of the original iterator. Read more

Source §

fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, G: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which ends after the first None. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item),

Does something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Iterator. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn collect(self) -> B
where B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Transforms an iterator into a collection. Read more

Source §

fn try_collect( &mut self, ) -> <<Self::Item as Try>::Residual as Residual>::TryType
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Try, <Self::Item as Try>::Residual: Residual, B: FromIterator<<Self::Item as Try>::Output>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_collect)

Fallibly transforms an iterator into a collection, short circuiting if a failure is encountered. Read more

Source §

fn collect_into<E>(self, collection: &mut E) -> &mut E
where E: Extend<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_collect_into)

Collects all the items from an iterator into a collection. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B)
where Self: Sized, B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it. Read more

Source §

fn partition_in_place<'a, T, P>(self, predicate: P) -> usize
where T: 'a, Self: Sized + DoubleEndedIterator<Item = &'a mut T>, P: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_partition_in_place)

Reorders the elements of this iterator in-place according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Returns the number of true elements found. Read more

Source §

fn is_partitioned(self, predicate: P) -> bool
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)

Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Read more

1.27.0 · Source§

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value. Read more

1.27.0 · Source§

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = ()>,

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

Folds every element into an accumulator by applying an operation, returning the final result. Read more

1.51.0 · Source§

fn reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item,

Reduces the elements to a single one, by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. Read more

Source §

fn try_reduce<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<<R as Try>::Output>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = Self::Item>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_reduce)

Reduces the elements to a single one by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. If the closure returns a failure, the failure is propagated back to the caller immediately. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn find(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate. Read more

1.30.0 · Source§

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option,

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result. Read more

Source §

fn try_find<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<Self::Item>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = bool>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_find)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_array_chunks)

Returns an iterator over N elements of the iterator at a time. Read more

1.11.0 · Source§

fn sum<S>(self) -> S
where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Sums the elements of an iterator. Read more

1.11.0 · Source§

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function. Read more

Source §

fn enabled(&self, metadata: &Metadata<'_>) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer. Read more

Source §

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers. Read more

Source §

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation. Read more

Source §

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf. Read more

Source §

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf. Read more

Source §

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more

Source §

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where R: Read, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it. Read more

Source §

impl<T> ReadFrom for Box<T>
where T: ReadFrom + ?Sized,

Source §

fn read_from(&mut self, reader: &mut Reader)
where B: BufferRef,

Source §

impl Reader for Box<dyn Reader + '_>

Source §

fn read_to_end<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>, ) -> StackFuture<'a, Result<usize, Error>, bevy_asset::::io::{impl#7}::read_to_end::{constant#0}> ⓘ

Reads the entire contents of this reader and appends them to a vec. Read more

Source §

Source §

fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32

Source §

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

Returns the current seek position from the start of the stream. Read more

Source §

fn seek_relative(&mut self, offset: i64) -> Result<(), Error>

Seeks relative to the current position. Read more

Source §

impl<T> Serialize for Box<T>
where T: Serialize + ?Sized,

Source §

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S, ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>
where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer. Read more

Notifies the subscriber that a span ID has been dropped, and returns true if there are now 0 IDs that refer to that span. Read more

Source §

fn drop_span(&self, id: Id)

👎Deprecated since 0.1.2: use Subscriber::try_close instead

This method is deprecated. Read more

Source §

fn current_span(&self) -> Current

Returns a type representing this subscriber’s view of the current span. Read more

Source §

unsafe fn downcast_raw(&self, id: TypeId) -> Option<*const ()>

If self is the same type as the provided TypeId, returns an untyped *const pointer to that type. Otherwise, returns None. Read more

Source §

fn on_register_dispatch(&self, subscriber: &Dispatch)

Invoked when this subscriber becomes a Dispatch. Read more

1.43.0 · Source§

impl<T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Box<[T]>> for Box<[T; N]>

Source §

fn try_from( boxed_slice: Box<[T]>, ) -> Result<Box<[T; N]>, <Box<[T; N]> as TryFrom<Box<[T]>>>::Error>

impl<T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Vec<T>> for Box<[T; N]>

Source §

fn try_from( vec: Vec<T>, ) -> Result<Box<[T; N]>, <Box<[T; N]> as TryFrom<Vec<T>>>::Error>

Attempts to convert a Vec<T> into a Box<[T; N]>.

Like Vec::into_boxed_slice, this is in-place if vec.capacity() == N, but will require a reallocation otherwise.

§Errors

Returns the original Vec<T> in the Err variant if boxed_slice.len() does not equal N.

§Examples

This can be used with vec! to create an array on the heap:

let state: Box<[f32; 100]> = vec![1.0; 100].try_into().unwrap();
assert_eq!(state.len(), 100);

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more

Source §

fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation. Read more

Source §

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Flushes this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination. Read more

Source §

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. Read more

Source §

fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)

Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer. Read more

Source §

fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered. Read more

1.0.0 · Source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Write. Read more

Source §

Returns true if and only if the underlying writer must synchronously interact with an end user’s device in order to control colors. By default, this always returns false. Read more

This implementation is required to make sure that the &Box<[I]>: IntoIterator implementation doesn’t overlap with IntoIterator for T where T: Iterator blanket.

1.80.0 · Source§

impl<'a, I, A> !Iterator for &'a mut Box<[I], A>
where A: Allocator,

This implementation is required to make sure that the &mut Box<[I]>: IntoIterator implementation doesn’t overlap with IntoIterator for T where T: Iterator blanket.

1.80.0 · Source§

impl<I, A> !Iterator for Box<[I], A>
where A: Allocator,

This implementation is required to make sure that the Box<[I]>: IntoIterator implementation doesn’t overlap with IntoIterator for T where T: Iterator blanket.

Source §

impl<T, A> PinCoerceUnsized for Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

Source §

impl<T> PointerLike for Box<T>

1.33.0 · Source§

impl<T, A> Unpin for Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

Source §

impl<T> ZeroableInOption for Box<T>
where T: ?Sized,

Source §

impl<F, S, Out> Adapt<S> for F
where F: Send + Sync + 'static + FnMut(<S as System>::Out) -> Out, S: System,

Source §

type In = <S as System>::In

The input type for an AdapterSystem.

Source §

type Out = Out

The output type for an AdapterSystem.

Source §

type Value = T

Source §

Returns a stream over the contents of this reader split on the specified byte. Read more

Source §

Like write(), except that it writes a slice of buffers. Read more

Source §

fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAllFuture<'a, Self> ⓘ
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an entire buffer into the byte stream. Read more

Source §

fn flush(&mut self) -> FlushFuture<'_, Self> ⓘ
where Self: Unpin,

Flushes the stream to ensure that all buffered contents reach their destination. Read more

Source §

fn close(&mut self) -> CloseFuture<'_, Self> ⓘ
where Self: Unpin,

Closes the writer. Read more

Change a property on a window with format 8.

Source §

fn change_property16<A, B>( &self, mode: PropMode, window: u32, property: A, type_: B, data: &[u16], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>, B: Into<u32>,

Change a property on a window with format 16.

Source §

fn change_property32<A, B>( &self, mode: PropMode, window: u32, property: A, type_: B, data: &[u32], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>, B: Into<u32>,

Change a property on a window with format 32.

Source §

fn sync(&self) -> Result<(), ReplyError>

Synchronise with the X11 server. Read more

Source §

impl<C> ConnectionExt for C
where C: RequestConnection + ?Sized,

Source §

fn create_window<'c, 'input>( &'c self, depth: u8, wid: u32, parent: u32, x: i16, y: i16, width: u16, height: u16, border_width: u16, class: WindowClass, visual: u32, value_list: &'input CreateWindowAux, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Creates a window. Read more

Source §

fn change_window_attributes<'c, 'input>( &'c self, window: u32, value_list: &'input ChangeWindowAttributesAux, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

change window attributes. Read more

Source §

fn get_window_attributes( &self, window: u32, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, GetWindowAttributesReply>, ConnectionError>

Gets window attributes. Read more

Source §

fn destroy_window( &self, window: u32, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Destroys a window. Read more

Source §

fn destroy_subwindows( &self, window: u32, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn change_save_set( &self, mode: SetMode, window: u32, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Changes a client’s save set. Read more

Source §

fn reparent_window( &self, window: u32, parent: u32, x: i16, y: i16, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Reparents a window. Read more

Change window stacking order. Read more

Source §

fn get_geometry( &self, drawable: u32, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, GetGeometryReply>, ConnectionError>

Get current window geometry. Read more

Source §

fn query_tree( &self, window: u32, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, QueryTreeReply>, ConnectionError>

query the window tree. Read more

Gets the owner of a selection. Read more

Source §

fn convert_selection<A, B>( &self, requestor: u32, selection: u32, target: u32, property: A, time: B, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>, B: Into<u32>,

Source §

fn send_event<A, B>( &self, propagate: bool, destination: A, event_mask: EventMask, event: B, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>, B: Into<[u8; 32]>,

send an event. Read more

Source §

fn grab_pointer<A, B, C>( &self, owner_events: bool, grab_window: u32, event_mask: EventMask, pointer_mode: GrabMode, keyboard_mode: GrabMode, confine_to: A, cursor: B, time: C, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, GrabPointerReply>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>, B: Into<u32>, C: Into<u32>,

Grab the pointer. Read more

Source §

fn ungrab_pointer<A>( &self, time: A, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>,

release the pointer. Read more

Source §

fn grab_button<A, B>( &self, owner_events: bool, grab_window: u32, event_mask: EventMask, pointer_mode: GrabMode, keyboard_mode: GrabMode, confine_to: A, cursor: B, button: ButtonIndex, modifiers: ModMask, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>, B: Into<u32>,

Grab pointer button(s). Read more

Source §

fn ungrab_button( &self, button: ButtonIndex, grab_window: u32, modifiers: ModMask, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn change_active_pointer_grab<A, B>( &self, cursor: A, time: B, event_mask: EventMask, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>, B: Into<u32>,

Source §

fn grab_keyboard<A>( &self, owner_events: bool, grab_window: u32, time: A, pointer_mode: GrabMode, keyboard_mode: GrabMode, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, GrabKeyboardReply>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>,

Grab the keyboard. Read more

Source §

fn ungrab_keyboard<A>( &self, time: A, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>,

Source §

fn grab_key<A>( &self, owner_events: bool, grab_window: u32, modifiers: ModMask, key: A, pointer_mode: GrabMode, keyboard_mode: GrabMode, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u8>,

Grab keyboard key(s). Read more

Source §

fn ungrab_key<A>( &self, key: A, grab_window: u32, modifiers: ModMask, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u8>,

release a key combination. Read more

Source §

fn allow_events<A>( &self, mode: Allow, time: A, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>
where A: Into<u32>,

release queued events. Read more

Source §

fn grab_server(&self) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

opens a font. Read more

Source §

fn close_font(&self, font: u32) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn query_font( &self, font: u32, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, QueryFontReply>, ConnectionError>

query font metrics. Read more

Source §

fn query_text_extents<'c, 'input>( &'c self, font: u32, string: &'input [Char2b], ) -> Result<Cookie<'c, Self, QueryTextExtentsReply>, ConnectionError>

get text extents. Read more

Source §

fn list_fonts<'c, 'input>( &'c self, max_names: u16, pattern: &'input [u8], ) -> Result<Cookie<'c, Self, ListFontsReply>, ConnectionError>

get matching font names. Read more

Source §

fn list_fonts_with_info<'c, 'input>( &'c self, max_names: u16, pattern: &'input [u8], ) -> Result<ListFontsWithInfoCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

get matching font names and information. Read more

Source §

fn set_font_path<'c, 'input>( &'c self, font: &'input [Str], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn get_font_path( &self, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, GetFontPathReply>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn create_pixmap( &self, depth: u8, pid: u32, drawable: u32, width: u16, height: u16, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Creates a pixmap. Read more

Source §

fn free_pixmap( &self, pixmap: u32, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Destroys a pixmap. Read more

Source §

fn create_gc<'c, 'input>( &'c self, cid: u32, drawable: u32, value_list: &'input CreateGCAux, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Creates a graphics context. Read more

Source §

fn change_gc<'c, 'input>( &'c self, gc: u32, value_list: &'input ChangeGCAux, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

change graphics context components. Read more

Source §

fn copy_gc( &self, src_gc: u32, dst_gc: u32, value_mask: GC, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

Source §

fn poly_line<'c, 'input>( &'c self, coordinate_mode: CoordMode, drawable: u32, gc: u32, points: &'input [Point], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

draw lines. Read more

Source §

fn poly_segment<'c, 'input>( &'c self, drawable: u32, gc: u32, segments: &'input [Segment], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

draw lines. Read more

Source §

fn poly_rectangle<'c, 'input>( &'c self, drawable: u32, gc: u32, rectangles: &'input [Rectangle], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn poly_arc<'c, 'input>( &'c self, drawable: u32, gc: u32, arcs: &'input [Arc], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn fill_poly<'c, 'input>( &'c self, drawable: u32, gc: u32, shape: PolyShape, coordinate_mode: CoordMode, points: &'input [Point], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn poly_fill_rectangle<'c, 'input>( &'c self, drawable: u32, gc: u32, rectangles: &'input [Rectangle], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Fills rectangles. Read more

Draws text. Read more

Source §

fn image_text16<'c, 'input>( &'c self, drawable: u32, gc: u32, x: i16, y: i16, string: &'input [Char2b], ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'c, Self>, ConnectionError>

Draws text. Read more

Source §

fn free_cursor( &self, cursor: u32, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Deletes a cursor. Read more

Source §

fn recolor_cursor( &self, cursor: u32, fore_red: u16, fore_green: u16, fore_blue: u16, back_red: u16, back_green: u16, back_blue: u16, ) -> Result<VoidCookie<'_, Self>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn query_best_size( &self, class: QueryShapeOf, drawable: u32, width: u16, height: u16, ) -> Result<Cookie<'_, Self, QueryBestSizeReply>, ConnectionError>

Source §

fn query_extension<'c, 'input>( &'c self, name: &'input [u8], ) -> Result<Cookie<'c, Self, QueryExtensionReply>, ConnectionError>

check if extension is present. Read more

fn as_rngcore(&mut self) -> &mut dyn RngCore

Upcast to an RngCore trait object.

Source §

impl<T, C, D> Curve<T> for D
where C: Curve<T> + ?Sized, D: Deref<Target = C>,

Source §

fn domain(&self) -> Interval

The interval over which this curve is parametrized. Read more

Source §

fn sample_unchecked(&self, t: f32) -> T

Sample a point on this curve at the parameter value t, extracting the associated value. This is the unchecked version of sampling, which should only be used if the sample time t is already known to lie within the curve’s domain. Read more

Source §

fn sample(&self, t: f32) -> Option<T>

Sample a point on this curve at the parameter value t, returning None if the point is outside of the curve’s domain.

Source §

fn sample_clamped(&self, t: f32) -> T

Sample a point on this curve at the parameter value t, clamping t to lie inside the domain of the curve.

Source §

Flip this curve so that its tuple output is arranged the other way.

Source §

impl<C, T> CurveResampleExt<T> for C
where C: Curve<T> + ?Sized,

Source §

fn resample( &self, segments: usize, interpolation: I, ) -> Result<SampleCurve<T, I>, ResamplingError>
where I: Fn(&T, &T, f32) -> T,

Resample this Curve to produce a new one that is defined by interpolation over equally spaced sample values, using the provided interpolation to interpolate between adjacent samples. The curve is interpolated on segments segments between samples. For example, if segments is 1, only the start and end points of the curve are used as samples; if segments is 2, a sample at the midpoint is taken as well, and so on. Read more

Source §

fn resample_auto( &self, segments: usize, ) -> Result<SampleAutoCurve<T>, ResamplingError>
where T: StableInterpolate,

Resample this Curve to produce a new one that is defined by interpolation over equally spaced sample values, using automatic interpolation to interpolate between adjacent samples. The curve is interpolated on segments segments between samples. For example, if segments is 1, only the start and end points of the curve are used as samples; if segments is 2, a sample at the midpoint is taken as well, and so on. Read more

Source §

fn resample_uneven( &self, sample_times: impl IntoIterator<Item = f32>, interpolation: I, ) -> Result<UnevenSampleCurve<T, I>, ResamplingError>
where I: Fn(&T, &T, f32) -> T,

Resample this Curve to produce a new one that is defined by interpolation over samples taken at a given set of times. The given interpolation is used to interpolate adjacent samples, and the sample_times are expected to contain at least two valid times within the curve’s domain interval. Read more

Source §

fn resample_uneven_auto( &self, sample_times: impl IntoIterator<Item = f32>, ) -> Result<UnevenSampleAutoCurve<T>, ResamplingError>
where T: StableInterpolate,

Resample this Curve to produce a new one that is defined by automatic interpolation over samples taken at the given set of times. The given sample_times are expected to contain at least two valid times within the curve’s domain interval. Read more

Source §

impl<T, C> CurveWithDerivative<T> for C
where T: HasTangent, C: SampleDerivative<T>,

Source §

fn with_derivative(self) -> SampleDerivativeWrapper<C>

This curve, but with its first derivative included in sampling. Read more

Source §

impl<T> Downcast<T> for T

Source §

fn downcast(&self) -> &T

Source §

impl<T> Downcast for T
where T: Any,

Source §

fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Converts Box<dyn Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Box<dyn Any>, which can then be downcast into Box<dyn ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.

Source §

fn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>

Converts Rc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Rc<Any>, which can then be further downcast into Rc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.

Source §

fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Converts &Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &Any’s vtable from &Trait’s.

Source §

fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Converts &mut Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &mut Any’s vtable from &mut Trait’s.

Source §

impl<T> Downcast for T
where T: Any,

Source §

fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Convert Box<dyn Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Box<dyn Any>. Box<dyn Any> can then be further downcast into Box<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.

Source §

fn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>

Convert Rc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Rc<Any>. Rc<Any> can then be further downcast into Rc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.

Source §

fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &Any’s vtable from &Trait’s.

This method tests for self and other values to be equal. Read more

Source §

impl<T> DynHash for T
where T: DynEq + Hash,

Source §

fn as_dyn_eq(&self) -> &(dyn DynEq + 'static)

Casts the type to dyn Any.

Source §

fn dyn_hash(&self, state: &mut dyn Hasher)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

Source §

impl<Out, F> EntityCommand<Out> for F
where F: FnOnce(EntityWorldMut<'_>) -> Out + Send + 'static,

Source §

fn apply(self, entity: EntityWorldMut<'_>) -> Out

Executes this command for the given Entity.

Source §

Inverts self, returning a filter that enables spans and events only if self would not enable them. Read more

Returns the result of self or other future, preferring self if both are ready. Read more

Source §

fn race<F>(self, other: F) -> Race<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: Future<Output = Self::Output>,

Returns the result of self or other future, with no preference if both are ready. Read more

Source §

fn catch_unwind(self) -> CatchUnwind<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + UnwindSafe,

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more

Source §

impl<E> InstrumentError for E
where TracedError<E>: From<E>,

Source §

type Instrumented = TracedError<E>

The type of the wrapped error after instrumentation

Source §

fn in_current_span(self) -> <E as InstrumentError>::Instrumented

Instrument an Error by bundling it with a SpanTrace Read more

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left is true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more

Source §

fn into_either_with<F>(self, into_left: F) -> Either<Self, Self> ⓘ
where F: FnOnce(&Self) -> bool,

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left(&self) returns true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more

Source §

impl<F> IntoFuture for F
where F: Future,

Source §

type Output = <F as Future>::Output

The output that the future will produce on completion.

Source §

type IntoFuture = F

Which kind of future are we turning this into?

Source §

fn into_future(self) -> <F as IntoFuture>::IntoFuture

Creates a future from a value. Read more

Source §

impl IntoIterator for I
where I: Iterator,

Source §

type Item = ::Item

Treat this collection as a sequence of systems. Read more

Source §

Treat this collection as a sequence of systems. Read more

Source §

Source §

fn choose_multiple<R>(self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Collects amount values at random from the iterator into a vector. Read more

Source §

👎Deprecated since 0.13.0: Use .chunk_by() instead

👎Deprecated since 0.10.2: Use Iterator::reduce instead

Accumulator of the elements in the iterator. Read more

Source §

fn tree_reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

Accumulate the elements in the iterator in a tree-like manner. Read more

Source §

fn tree_fold1<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.13.0: Use .tree_reduce() instead

Returns the length of the iterator if one exists. Otherwise return self.size_hint(). Read more

Source §

impl<T, M> MakeExt<T> for M
where M: MakeVisitor<T> + Sealed<MakeExtMarker<T>>,

Source §

fn debug_alt(self) -> Alt<Self>

fn make_writer_for(&'a self, meta: &Metadata<'_>) -> Self::Writer

Returns a Writer for writing data from the span or event described by the provided Metadata. Read more

Source §

Splits the slice into a maximum of max_tasks chunks, and maps the chunks in parallel across the provided task_pool. One task is spawned in the task pool for every chunk. Read more

Source §

impl<S, T> ParallelSliceMut<T> for S
where T: Send, S: AsMut<[T]>,

Source §

fn par_chunk_map_mut<F, R>( &mut self, task_pool: &TaskPool, chunk_size: usize, f: F, ) -> Vec<R>
where F: Fn(usize, &mut [T]) -> R + Send + Sync, R: Send + 'static,

Splits the slice in chunks of size chunks_size or less and maps the chunks in parallel across the provided task_pool. One task is spawned in the task pool for every chunk. Read more

Source §

fn par_splat_map_mut<F, R>( &mut self, task_pool: &TaskPool, max_tasks: Option<usize>, f: F, ) -> Vec<R>
where F: Fn(usize, &mut [T]) -> R + Send + Sync, R: Send + 'static,

Splits the slice into a maximum of max_tasks chunks, and maps the chunks in parallel across the provided task_pool. One task is spawned in the task pool for every chunk. Read more

fn no_expansion<'r>(&'r mut self) -> Option<Cow<'r, [u8]>>

Return a fixed unchanging replacement byte string. Read more

Source §

fn by_ref<'r>(&'r mut self) -> ReplacerRef<'r, Self>

Returns a type that implements Replacer, but that borrows and wraps this Replacer. Read more

Source §

impl<F, T> Replacer for F
where F: FnMut(&Captures<'_>) -> T, T: AsRef<str>,

Source §

fn replace_append(&mut self, caps: &Captures<'_>, dst: &mut String)

Appends possibly empty data to dst to replace the current match. Read more

Source §

fn no_expansion<'r>(&'r mut self) -> Option<Cow<'r, str>>

Return a fixed unchanging replacement string. Read more

Source §

fn by_ref<'r>(&'r mut self) -> ReplacerRef<'r, Self>

Returns a type that implements Replacer, but that borrows and wraps this Replacer. Read more

Source §

Return a bool with a probability of numerator/denominator of being true. I.e. gen_ratio(2, 3) has chance of 2 in 3, or about 67%, of returning true. If numerator == denominator, then the returned value is guaranteed to be true. If numerator == 0, then the returned value is guaranteed to be false. Read more

Source §

impl<T, C, D> SampleDerivative<T> for D
where T: HasTangent, C: SampleDerivative<T> + ?Sized, D: Deref<Target = C>,

Source §

fn sample_with_derivative_unchecked(&self, t: f32) -> WithDerivative<T>

Sample this curve at the parameter value t, extracting the associated value in addition to its derivative. This is the unchecked version of sampling, which should only be used if the sample time t is already known to lie within the curve’s domain. Read more

Source §

fn sample_with_derivative(&self, t: f32) -> Option<WithDerivative<T>>

Sample this curve’s value and derivative at the parameter value t, returning None if the point is outside of the curve’s domain.

Source §

fn sample_with_derivative_clamped(&self, t: f32) -> WithDerivative<T>

Sample this curve’s value and derivative at the parameter value t, clamping t to lie inside the domain of the curve.

Source §

impl<M, F> Schedule<M> for F
where F: Fn(Runnable<M>),

Source §

fn schedule(&self, runnable: Runnable<M>, _: ScheduleInfo)

The actual scheduling procedure.

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.

Source §

fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more

Source §

fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more

Source §

impl<T> ToSmolStr for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

Source §

fn to_smolstr(&self) -> SmolStr

Source §

impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

Source §

fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more

Source §

impl<T, U> TryFrom for T
where U: Into<T>,

Source §

type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

Source §

fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

Source §

impl<F, T, E> TryFuture for F
where F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>> + ?Sized,

Source §

type Ok = T

fn try_poll_next( self: Pin<&mut S>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Option<Result<<S as TryStream>::Ok, <S as TryStream>::Error>>>

Poll this TryStream as if it were a Stream. Read more

Source §

fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self> ⓘ
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more

Source §

fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self> ⓘ

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more

Source §

Writes a IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to the underlying writer. Read more

Source §

impl<S> SubscriberExt for S
where S: Subscriber,

Source §

fn with<L>(self, layer: L) -> Layered<L, Self>
where L: Layer<Self>, Self: Sized,

Wraps self with the provided layer.

Struct BoxCopy item path

Implementations§

impl<A> Box<dyn Any, A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any, A>>where T: Any,

§Examples

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>where T: Any,

§Examples

§Safety

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Send, A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Send, A>>where T: Any,

§Examples

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>where T: Any,

§Examples

§Safety

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>>where T: Any,

§Examples

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>where T: Any,

§Examples

§Safety

impl<T> Box<T>

pub fn new(x: T) -> Box<T>

§Examples

pub fn new_uninit() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>>

§Examples

pub fn new_zeroed() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>>

§Examples

pub fn pin(x: T) -> Pin<Box<T>>

pub fn try_new(x: T) -> Result<Box<T>, AllocError>

§Examples

pub fn try_new_uninit() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

§Examples

pub fn try_new_zeroed() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

§Examples

impl<T, A> Box<T, A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Box<T, A>where A: Allocator,

§Examples

pub fn try_new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Result<Box<T, A>, AllocError>where A: Allocator,

§Examples

pub fn new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>where A: Allocator,

§Examples

pub fn try_new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>where A: Allocator,

§Examples

pub fn new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>where A: Allocator,

§Examples

pub fn try_new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>where A: Allocator,

§Examples

pub fn pin_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>where A: 'static + Allocator,

pub fn into_boxed_slice(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Box<[T], A>

pub fn into_inner(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> T

§Examples

impl<T> Box<[T]>

pub fn new_uninit_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

§Examples

pub fn new_zeroed_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

§Examples

pub fn try_new_uninit_slice( len: usize, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>, AllocError>

§Examples

pub fn try_new_zeroed_slice( len: usize, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>, AllocError>

§Examples

pub fn into_array<const N: usize>(self) -> Option<Box<[T; N]>>

impl<T, A> Box<[T], A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_uninit_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

§Examples

pub fn new_zeroed_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

§Examples

pub fn try_new_uninit_slice_in( len: usize, alloc: A, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>, AllocError>

§Examples

pub fn try_new_zeroed_slice_in( len: usize, alloc: A, ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>, AllocError>

§Examples

impl<T, A> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>where A: Allocator,

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<T, A>

§Safety

§Examples

pub fn write(boxed: Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, value: T) -> Box<T, A>

§Examples

impl<T, A> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>where A: Allocator,

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<[T], A>

§Safety

§Examples

Struct Box

impl<A> Box<dyn Any, A>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any, A>>
where T: Any,

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>
where T: Any,

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Send, A>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Send, A>>
where T: Any,

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>
where T: Any,

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>>
where T: Any,

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>
where T: Any,

impl<T, A> Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn try_new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Result<Box<T, A>, AllocError>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn try_new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn try_new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>
where A: Allocator,

pub fn pin_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>
where A: 'static + Allocator,

impl<T, A> Box<[T], A>
where A: Allocator,

impl<T, A> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>
where A: Allocator,

impl<T, A> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>
where A: Allocator,

impl<T> Box<T>
where T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

pub fn leak<'a>(b: Box<T, A>) -> &'a mut T
where A: 'a,

pub fn into_pin(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>
where A: 'static,

impl<A, T> ApplicationHandler<T> for Box<A>
where A: ApplicationHandler<T> + ?Sized, T: 'static,

impl<T> AsFd for Box<T>
where T: AsFd + ?Sized,

impl<T, A> AsMut<T> for Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T> AsRawFd for Box<T>
where T: AsRawFd,

impl<T> AsRawXcbConnection for Box<T>
where T: AsRawXcbConnection + ?Sized,

impl<T, A> AsRef<T> for Box<T, A>
where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T> AsyncBufRead for Box<T>
where T: AsyncBufRead + Unpin + ?Sized,

impl<Args, F, A> AsyncFn<Args> for Box<F, A>
where Args: Tuple, F: AsyncFn<Args> + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

impl<Args, F, A> AsyncFnMut<Args> for Box<F, A>
where Args: Tuple, F: AsyncFnMut<Args> + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

impl<Args, F, A> AsyncFnOnce<Args> for Box<F, A>
where Args: Tuple, F: AsyncFnOnce<Args> + ?Sized, A: Allocator,